Windows7系统探究
Windows7组件和winsxs文件对应
最近五月病又犯了，加上连续几天的失眠，那么就写这么一个东西随便糊弄糊弄。
今天要讲的是Windows7组件和winsxs当中的文件对应的问题。
一般来说，Windows7里的组件列表是直接用dism列出的，虽然说有install_wim_tweak这么一个工具，不过使用之后一旦禁用一个组件，所有的组件都会丢失，所以最好还是不用好。
事先说一句，本篇文章里所有的环境是在Windows7 sp1 x64 ultimate英文版里进行的，用x86的童鞋只要一一对应就好，我相信你们的理解能力。
如果用dism列不出组件列表，那在哪里看呢？就在C:WindowsservicingPackages里，打开这个文件夹，发现有好多好多的mum文件和cat文件。Cat就不用碰了，数字签名，128位不对称加密也没什么好看的。再看看这些mum文件的文件名，懂英文的童鞋应该可以将这些名称对应上各个组件的名字，譬如Microsoft-Windows-MediaPlayer-Package~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.7601.17514.mum。注意在后缀前带en-US或者zh-CN此类的，是语言包，这次不作讨论
用记事本打开mum文件，是一个xml标准的文件。（当然UltraEdit更好）
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
<?Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.?>
<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3" copyright="Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved." manifestVersion="1.0">
<assemblyIdentity buildType="release" language="neutral" name="Microsoft-Windows-MediaPlayer-Package" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" version="6.1.7601.17514" />
<package identifier="Windows Media Player" releaseType="Feature Pack">
<parent integrate="delegate">
<assemblyIdentity buildType="release" language="neutral" name="Microsoft-Windows-MediaPlayback-OC-Package" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" version="6.1.7601.17514" />
</parent>
<update description="Windows Media Player" displayName="Windows Media Player" name="WindowsMediaPlayer">
<customInformation SoftBlockLink="http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink?LinkID=140092" />
<applicable disposition="staged">
<detectUpdate>
<parent name="MediaPlayback" />
</detectUpdate>
</applicable>
<selectable disposition="staged">
<detectNone default="true" />
</selectable>
<component>
<assemblyIdentity buildType="release" language="neutral" name="Microsoft-Windows-MediaPlayer-Deployment" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" version="6.1.7601.17514" versionScope="nonSxS" />
</component>
</update>
</package>
</assembly>
大概分析一下这个mum文件，前面<assemblyIdentity buildType="release" language="neutral" name="Microsoft-Windows-MediaPlayer-Package" processorArchitecture="amd64" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" version="6.1.7601.17514" />是说的此组件的名字啊，架构啊，哈希啊，版本号什么的，总之是强文件名啦。
<package identifier="Windows Media Player" releaseType="Feature Pack">识别名称和包类别，为功能包
<parent integrate="delegate">和</parent>之间定义的是父组件包，指的是组件包之间的依赖性。
<update description="Windows Media Player" displayName="Windows Media Player" name="WindowsMediaPlayer">和</update>之间定义的是安装此包的信息。
我们要注意的是<component>和</component>之间的信息，name="Microsoft-Windows-MediaPlayer-Deployment"这个是重点，对应了winsxs的内容哦~
找到Microsoft-Windows-MediaPlayer-Deployment这个神奇的名称之后，去C:WindowswinsxsManifests搜索这个文件名，在我这里得到了两个结果，分别是wow64_microsoft-windows-mediaplayer-deployment_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7601.17514_none_da51814c8ec3b4bf.manifest和amd64_microsoft-windows-mediaplayer-deployment_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7601.17514_none_cffcd6fa5a62f2c4.manifest用记事本打开amd64的那个，结果如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3" manifestVersion="1.0" copyright="Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.">
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft-Windows-MediaPlayer-Deployment" version="6.1.7601.17514" processorArchitecture="amd64" language="neutral" buildType="release" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" versionScope="nonSxS" />
<dependency discoverable="no">
<dependentAssembly dependencyType="install">
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft-Windows-MediaPlayer-Common" version="6.1.7600.16385" processorArchitecture="amd64" language="neutral" buildType="release" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" versionScope="nonSxS" />
</dependentAssembly>
</dependency>
<dependency discoverable="no">
<dependentAssembly dependencyType="install">
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft-Windows-MediaPlayer-Deployment" version="6.1.7601.17514" processorArchitecture="wow64" language="neutral" buildType="release" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" versionScope="nonSxS" />
</dependentAssembly>
</dependency>
<dependency discoverable="no">
<dependentAssembly dependencyType="install">
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft-Windows-Media-Player" version="6.1.7601.17514" processorArchitecture="amd64" language="neutral" buildType="release" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" versionScope="nonSxS" />
</dependentAssembly>
</dependency>
<dependency discoverable="no">
<dependentAssembly dependencyType="install">
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft-Windows-MediaPlayer-Shortcut" version="6.1.7600.16385" processorArchitecture="amd64" language="neutral" buildType="release" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" versionScope="nonSxS" />
</dependentAssembly>
</dependency>
<dependency discoverable="no">
<dependentAssembly dependencyType="install">
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft-Windows-WindowsMediaPlayer-Adm" version="6.1.7600.16385" processorArchitecture="amd64" language="neutral" buildType="release" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" versionScope="nonSxS" />
</dependentAssembly>
</dependency>
<dependency discoverable="no">
<dependentAssembly dependencyType="install">
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft-Windows-Media-Player-OC" version="6.1.7600.16385" processorArchitecture="amd64" language="neutral" buildType="release" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" versionScope="nonSxS" />
</dependentAssembly>
</dependency>
<dependency discoverable="no">
<dependentAssembly dependencyType="install">
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft-Windows-MediaPlayer-MP3-Settings" version="6.1.7600.16385" processorArchitecture="amd64" language="neutral" buildType="release" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" versionScope="nonSxS" />
</dependentAssembly>
</dependency>
<dependency discoverable="no">
<dependentAssembly dependencyType="install">
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft-Windows-Help-Hmeshare" version="6.1.7600.16385" processorArchitecture="amd64" language="neutral" buildType="release" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" versionScope="nonSxS" />
</dependentAssembly>
</dependency>
<dependency discoverable="no">
<dependentAssembly dependencyType="install">
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft-Windows-Help-Library" version="6.1.7600.16385" processorArchitecture="amd64" language="neutral" buildType="release" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" versionScope="nonSxS" />
</dependentAssembly>
</dependency>
<dependency discoverable="no">
<dependentAssembly dependencyType="install">
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft-Windows-Help-Playing" version="6.1.7600.16385" processorArchitecture="amd64" language="neutral" buildType="release" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" versionScope="nonSxS" />
</dependentAssembly>
</dependency>
<dependency discoverable="no">
<dependentAssembly dependencyType="install">
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft-Windows-Help-Privacy" version="6.1.7600.16385" processorArchitecture="amd64" language="neutral" buildType="release" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" versionScope="nonSxS" />
</dependentAssembly>
</dependency>
<dependency discoverable="no">
<dependentAssembly dependencyType="install">
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft-Windows-Help-Ripbsyn" version="6.1.7600.16385" processorArchitecture="amd64" language="neutral" buildType="release" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" versionScope="nonSxS" />
</dependentAssembly>
</dependency>
<dependency discoverable="no">
<dependentAssembly dependencyType="install">
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft-Windows-Help-Artuimedia" version="6.1.7600.16385" processorArchitecture="amd64" language="neutral" buildType="release" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" versionScope="nonSxS" />
</dependentAssembly>
</dependency>
<dependency discoverable="no">
<dependentAssembly dependencyType="install">
<assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft-Windows-Help-DGloss" version="6.1.7600.16385" processorArchitecture="amd64" language="neutral" buildType="release" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" versionScope="nonSxS" />
</dependentAssembly>
</dependency>
<deployment xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3" />
</assembly>
看到了一个个在<dependency discoverable="no">和</dependency>之间的assemblyIdentity，注意其中的name="（这里是一个个名称哦） "键，复制这些键，在winsxs里搜索，自然是可以找到各个功能包所对应的winsxs文件夹了。Wow64开头的那个是同理。如果童鞋们用的是x86，当然那个manifest就是x86打头咯。
嗯，就这么简单地讲完了。不过呢，这个方法有很大的问题，有许多包，在mum文件里的名称与在C:WindowswinsxsManifests中的并不同，注意这是因为强文件名name值太长，中间名用…代替了，所以是不能直接搜索，而是要根据这个长文件名规则来看了。这个规则微软木有公开我也对此很晕，虽然每次都能找到不过显然不大好。一个更好的方法是直接在C:WindowswinsxsManifests中搜索deployment，除了windows-deployment开头的文件不是组件包信息以外，其他都是组件包信息。
其实manifest文件是多样的，mum文件也是多样的，我这里只是举个例子，以后会一类一类的讲，上面提到的是最基本的功能组件包，而且也是相对简单的mediaplayer，好了，等我下次犯五月病吧。
沙发
受益良多啊，O(∩_∩)O~